Hunza people love to celebrate events that have been last for many centuries. Traditional dance is common among people of all ages.
Monday, July 13, 2009
Royal Dynasty:
The traditional name for the ruler in Hunza was Thum which is also a respectful appellation used by people of both Hunza and Nager who belong to the caste of Boorish. The Shin use the term Yeshkun for the Boorish. Hunza has been ruled by a family of Mirs of Hunza for about 960 years.There are many theories about the origin of Hunzukutz. According to one myth they are are believed to be the descendents of five wandering soldiers of Alexander the Great. The people of Hunza speak Brushuski, an aboriginal language.
Reign Mirs (rulers) of Hunza:-
Shah Salim Khan II Uncertain dates
Shah Sultan Khan unknown Dates
Shahbaz Khan unknown dates
unknown dates
Shahbeg Khan from 1750 to 1790
Shah Kisro Khan 1790
Mirza Khan from 1790 to 1825
Salim Khan III from1825 to 1863
Ghazanfur Khan from1863 to 1886
Mohammad Ghazan Khan I from1886 to Dec 1891
Safdar Ali Khan from15 September 1892 to 22 July 1938
Mohammad Nazim Khan K.C.I.E from 22 July 1938 to 1945
Mohammad Ghazan Khan II from 1945 to 25 September 1974
Muhammad Jamal Khan from 25 September 1974 to State till status dissolved
by Z.A.Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan
Reign Mirs (rulers) of Hunza:-
Shah Salim Khan II Uncertain dates
Shah Sultan Khan unknown Dates
Shahbaz Khan unknown dates
unknown dates
Shahbeg Khan from 1750 to 1790
Shah Kisro Khan 1790
Mirza Khan from 1790 to 1825
Salim Khan III from1825 to 1863
Ghazanfur Khan from1863 to 1886
Mohammad Ghazan Khan I from1886 to Dec 1891
Safdar Ali Khan from15 September 1892 to 22 July 1938
Mohammad Nazim Khan K.C.I.E from 22 July 1938 to 1945
Mohammad Ghazan Khan II from 1945 to 25 September 1974
Muhammad Jamal Khan from 25 September 1974 to State till status dissolved
by Z.A.Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan
Language
The spoken language of Hunzukutz is 'Brushaski'. It is written like urdu and persian script but still no one able to find the origin of language. The general structure of language comprsises words from Turkish, Persian, Chinese, English, Pashtoo, Balti, Wakhi and central asian states. The masese of three major regions of area: Hunza, Nagar and Yasin valleys have the smilar dialects except few terms of modern use.
Geography
Hunza Valley locally known as Hunzo, is a mountainous valley in Gilgit in the Northern Areas of Pakistan borderding China. Hunza valley is situated at an elevation of 7,999 feet. Geographically, gigantic mountains that have stretched over an area of 110 kilometers surround the valley. The terrain is full of variety with diversity in the heights of the peaks of 1500 meters to 8000 meters, the world-famous Rakaposhi (7788 m) peak is one of them which, against the calm blue sky, shim -mers to the maximum and creates an illusion to captivate the eye up to a level where time seems to be stopping for ever.The average temperature during summer (May to September) maximum 34 and minimum 20 degree centigrade.
Religion of Hunza People
Legends suggest that the only religions that flourish in high mountains are Buddhism & Hinduism. Islam flourishes in the Atlas Mountains of Morocco, in the coastal ranges of Yemen and Oman, among the peaks of northern and southern Turkey, in the Pamirs of Afghanistan and Russia and, above all, in the very highest reaches of the world: the western end of the Himalayan massif in northern Pakistan.As the valley of Hunza has seen many diverse cultures and civilizat -ions through a passage of centuries from the Persian kings to Alexander the great, Kushans to Hindus and Buddhists to Muslims. The richness of Hunza culture is quite obvious, its folk music, dance, rituals and food have got the touch of diverse influences. Although now, the majority of population is Ismaili-Muslims but the rich culture of Hunza unveiled assorted and exclusive taste through traditional dresses, jewelry, cuisine, rituals and crafts.
Ismaili School of thought
Ismailies are a Shia Muslim sect, sometimes called "Seveners" as opposed to Twelver Shia. The term is understood to have different meanings. They all believe that Ismail was the seventh Imam and the eldest son of Imam Jaffar. Twelver Shia, the main Shia branch, believe that Jafar -e-Sadiq (A.S) had passed the Imamate to his second son. The Ismaili, unlike the the Twelver Shia, have a system of philosophy science and religion that provided a theological rationale for the Imamate and the rights of the Fatimids to it. The precise origins of the Ismaili are shrouded in mystery. Ubaid Allah al Mahdi, the founder of the Fatimid Dynasty, came to North Africa from Yemen apparently in the early tenth century and actively promoted the Ismaili faith. The Fatimid rulers proclaimed themselves true caliphs and may have originated much of the doctrine to justify their rule.
The common meaning often refers only to the Nizari followers of the Aga Khan, who claim exclu -sivily being the largest part of the Ismaili community today with over 10 million members. The Nizari accept Prince Karim Aga Khan IV as their 49th Imam. He is is descended from Nizar. Nizar was a pre-eminent pir (teacher or dialogician) also accetped as Imam by some. The 46th Imam, Aga Hassan Ali Shah, fled Iran to South Asia in the 1840s after a failed coup against the Shah of theQajar dynasty. Aga Hassan Ali Shah settled in Mumbai in 1848.
Like its predecessors, the present constitution is founded on each Ismaili's spiritual allegiance to the Imam, distinguished from the secular allegiance that all Ismailis owe as citizens to their national entities. The Nizari rule of the Aga Khan is progressive and patriotic. The present Imam and his predecessor emphasized Ismailis' allegiance to their country as a fundamental obligation. These obligations are to be discharged not by passive affirmation but through responsible engag -ement and active commitment to uphold national integrity and contribute to peaceful develop -ment.The Nizari followers of the Aga Khan are found in India, Pakistan, Syria, China and other countries. In countries such as Pakistan, they are prominent in government.
The Aga Khan encourages Ismaili Muslims, especially those settled in the industrialized world, to contribute towards the progress of communities in the developing world through various develop ment programs. In recent years, Nizari Ismaili Muslims, who have come to the US, Canada and Europe, many as refugees from Asia and Africa, have readily settled into the social, educational and economic fabric of urban and rural centers across the two continents. As in the developing world, the Nizari Ismaili Muslim community's settlement in the industrial world has involved the establishment of community institutions characterized by self-reliance, emphasis on education, and philanthropy.
2) "Ismaili" as referring to all Nizari and Bohra (branches of Mustaali) Shi'a Muslims today. The Nizari were founded in the east, having split off from Egyptian Ismailis after the succession disp -ute at the accession of Caliph Musta'ali. The Mustaali originally split off after a succession disp -ute following the death of Caliph Musta'ali, and then split into the three Bohra branches over leadership disputes.
The Mustaali have three branches: Dawoodi Bohr, Suleimani Bohr and Alavi Bohra of India (evidently not to be confused with the Alawi of Syria). There are approximately one million but Dawoodi Bohras. The majority of these reside in India and Pakistan, but there are also larger communities of Dawoodi in the Middle East, East Africa, Europe, North America and the Far East.
3) "Ismaili" as an inclusive term, referring to all sects that derived from the original Ismaili doctrine. These include the Druze, who do not generally consider themselves Ismaili and who are often not classed as Muslims. They also include the "Seveners," who believed that Ismail or his son was the the last Imam, and not just the Seventh. They include the Hafizi, an "established religion" branch. The Hafizi believed that whoever the political ruler of the Fatimid Empire was, was also the Imam of the faith. The "Seveners" and the Hafizi are no longer extant.
Major practices and beliefs of the Ismaili. The Ismaili follow Dai - teachers and missionaries and Pir, dialogicians. Some Nizari Ismaili and Druze believe in reincarnation. All branches of Ismaili, unlike other Muslim sects, have ceased to take on converts for different theological reasons. The Ismaili were frequently persecuted and therefore practiced Taqiyah, dissimulation, to hide their faith.
Like Twelver Shia, the Ismaili believe that the true Imam went into occultation when persecuted and will return as the Mahdi or Messiah. However, whereas Twelver Shia identify the Mahdi as the twelfth imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, the Ismaili, at least the original followers, believed it was Ismail bin Jaffar or Muhammad ibn Ismail. Several individuals were also identified by vario -us Ismaili sects are the returned Mahdi.
Ismaili faith is both universalist and at the same time particularist. They see the Imam as a manifestation Allah in this reality.
Ismailis hold that divine revelation took place in six periods (daur) entrusted to six prophets, who they also call Natiq (Speaker), commissioned to preach a religion of law to their respective communities.
While the Natiq was concerned with the rites and outward shape of religion, the inner meaning was entrusted to a Wasi (representative). The Wasi would know the secret meaning of all rites and rules and would reveal them to a small circles of initiates.
The Natiq and the Wasi were in turn succeeded by a line of seven Imams, who would guard
what they received. The seventh and last Imam in any period would in turn be the Natiq of
the next period. The last Imam of the sixth period however would not bring about a new religion of law but supersede all previous religions, abrogate the law and introduce din Adama al-awwal ("the original religion of Adam") practiced by Adam and the Angels before the fall, which would be without cult or law but consist in all creatures praising the creator and recognizing his unity. This final stage us the Qiyama.
Exception for the Mustaali Ismailis, Ismaili believe in panentheism, holding that God is both reality and transcends it. While the Godhead is outside this universe, the Godhead has created reality, which is God itself. All living beings exist in this reality; however, reality in its entirety is invested in the manifestation of Allah, the Imam of the time.
Numerology is an important feature of Ismaili belief and may have been responsible for the
spread of the Kabbalah among Jews as well. The number seven in particular, understandably,
has great significance.
Historical Highlights of the Ismailies
According to one version, the Fatimids sought to spread the Ismaili faith in order to spread loyal -ty to the Imamate in Egypt and undermine the Abbasid empire. According to another, after the Nizari Ismaili lost a factional battle, they fled Egypt. All agree that Hassan-i-Sabbah of Persia was a most successful missionary teacher or Dai serving the Ismaili cause, and was responsible for the eventual prominence of the Nizari. Hassan-i-Sabbah was born in Qom in 1056 AD to Twelver Shi'a parents. His family later moved to Tehran which was an Ismaili center. Hassan-i-Sabbah studied Ismaili thought, When he was nearly killed by an illness, he decided to convert. He later became one of the most influential Dais, essentialy founding the Nizari branch of Ismailism, named after his son Nizar. Hassan-i-Sabbah took over the fortress of Alamut, which became a Fatimid outpost in the Abbasid empire. Alamut remained a center of Ismailism until it was destroyed by the Mongol Hulagu two centuries later.
Hassan-I-Sabbah used the Hashasheen, who can be described either as faithful disciples or terro -rists depending on one's point of view, to "convince" people of his faith. The word "Assassin" is derived from Hashasheen. The Hashasheen are said by opponents to have been Hashish (Cannabis) eaters, who owed their ferocious behavior to use of the drug. Their characteristic trademark of the assassination was that they would not leave the scene of the crime. Ismaili claim that the Hashasheen derive their name from Hassan-i-Sabbah. They called themselves al dawa al Jadida and were also called fedayeen. According to the stories of enemies, they were first indoctrinated in a paradisaical garden under the influence of Hashish, and then told that their only means of salvation, return to the garden, was following the orders of Hassan-i-Sabbah.
In the tenth century, the Qarmatians accepted a young Persian prisoner, Abu'l-Fadl al-Isfahani,
from Isfahan as the Mahdi - the returned hidden Imam, Muhammad ibn Ismail. He claimed to be the descendant of the Persian kings.
The Qarmatians changed their qibla (direction of prayer) from the Kaaba to the Zoroastrian infl -uenced fire. The Qarmatians violently rampaged through out Middle-East, and stole the Black Stone from the Kaaba in Mecca about 930. After their retu -rn of the Black Stone in 951 and defeat by the Abbasids in 976 they faded out of history. In 1171 the Fatimid Ismaili dynasty was ended by Salah al Din (Saladin). By that time North Africa had largely reverted to Sunni Islam, but the Ismaili survived principally in the east. The Mongol invasion shattered the Abbasid and Fatimid empires. Hulagu destroyed Alamut in 1256. The last of the Hashashin were supposedly destroyed in 1272. The branches of Ismaili were now geograp -hically isolated, though in some places they coexists, as the Druze and Nizari, and in South Asia which has both Mustaali and Nizari. Ismaili Muslims follow their forty ninth Imam Noor Mowlana Shah Karim-al-Hussaini, residing in Agrimount, Paris.
Appart from these assumptions interestingly, Hunzukutz are now known for their hospitality,
generosity, modesty, courage, loyality and valour.
Ismaili School of thought
Ismailies are a Shia Muslim sect, sometimes called "Seveners" as opposed to Twelver Shia. The term is understood to have different meanings. They all believe that Ismail was the seventh Imam and the eldest son of Imam Jaffar. Twelver Shia, the main Shia branch, believe that Jafar -e-Sadiq (A.S) had passed the Imamate to his second son. The Ismaili, unlike the the Twelver Shia, have a system of philosophy science and religion that provided a theological rationale for the Imamate and the rights of the Fatimids to it. The precise origins of the Ismaili are shrouded in mystery. Ubaid Allah al Mahdi, the founder of the Fatimid Dynasty, came to North Africa from Yemen apparently in the early tenth century and actively promoted the Ismaili faith. The Fatimid rulers proclaimed themselves true caliphs and may have originated much of the doctrine to justify their rule.
The common meaning often refers only to the Nizari followers of the Aga Khan, who claim exclu -sivily being the largest part of the Ismaili community today with over 10 million members. The Nizari accept Prince Karim Aga Khan IV as their 49th Imam. He is is descended from Nizar. Nizar was a pre-eminent pir (teacher or dialogician) also accetped as Imam by some. The 46th Imam, Aga Hassan Ali Shah, fled Iran to South Asia in the 1840s after a failed coup against the Shah of theQajar dynasty. Aga Hassan Ali Shah settled in Mumbai in 1848.
Like its predecessors, the present constitution is founded on each Ismaili's spiritual allegiance to the Imam, distinguished from the secular allegiance that all Ismailis owe as citizens to their national entities. The Nizari rule of the Aga Khan is progressive and patriotic. The present Imam and his predecessor emphasized Ismailis' allegiance to their country as a fundamental obligation. These obligations are to be discharged not by passive affirmation but through responsible engag -ement and active commitment to uphold national integrity and contribute to peaceful develop -ment.The Nizari followers of the Aga Khan are found in India, Pakistan, Syria, China and other countries. In countries such as Pakistan, they are prominent in government.
The Aga Khan encourages Ismaili Muslims, especially those settled in the industrialized world, to contribute towards the progress of communities in the developing world through various develop ment programs. In recent years, Nizari Ismaili Muslims, who have come to the US, Canada and Europe, many as refugees from Asia and Africa, have readily settled into the social, educational and economic fabric of urban and rural centers across the two continents. As in the developing world, the Nizari Ismaili Muslim community's settlement in the industrial world has involved the establishment of community institutions characterized by self-reliance, emphasis on education, and philanthropy.
2) "Ismaili" as referring to all Nizari and Bohra (branches of Mustaali) Shi'a Muslims today. The Nizari were founded in the east, having split off from Egyptian Ismailis after the succession disp -ute at the accession of Caliph Musta'ali. The Mustaali originally split off after a succession disp -ute following the death of Caliph Musta'ali, and then split into the three Bohra branches over leadership disputes.
The Mustaali have three branches: Dawoodi Bohr, Suleimani Bohr and Alavi Bohra of India (evidently not to be confused with the Alawi of Syria). There are approximately one million but Dawoodi Bohras. The majority of these reside in India and Pakistan, but there are also larger communities of Dawoodi in the Middle East, East Africa, Europe, North America and the Far East.
3) "Ismaili" as an inclusive term, referring to all sects that derived from the original Ismaili doctrine. These include the Druze, who do not generally consider themselves Ismaili and who are often not classed as Muslims. They also include the "Seveners," who believed that Ismail or his son was the the last Imam, and not just the Seventh. They include the Hafizi, an "established religion" branch. The Hafizi believed that whoever the political ruler of the Fatimid Empire was, was also the Imam of the faith. The "Seveners" and the Hafizi are no longer extant.
Major practices and beliefs of the Ismaili. The Ismaili follow Dai - teachers and missionaries and Pir, dialogicians. Some Nizari Ismaili and Druze believe in reincarnation. All branches of Ismaili, unlike other Muslim sects, have ceased to take on converts for different theological reasons. The Ismaili were frequently persecuted and therefore practiced Taqiyah, dissimulation, to hide their faith.
Like Twelver Shia, the Ismaili believe that the true Imam went into occultation when persecuted and will return as the Mahdi or Messiah. However, whereas Twelver Shia identify the Mahdi as the twelfth imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, the Ismaili, at least the original followers, believed it was Ismail bin Jaffar or Muhammad ibn Ismail. Several individuals were also identified by vario -us Ismaili sects are the returned Mahdi.
Ismaili faith is both universalist and at the same time particularist. They see the Imam as a manifestation Allah in this reality.
Ismailis hold that divine revelation took place in six periods (daur) entrusted to six prophets, who they also call Natiq (Speaker), commissioned to preach a religion of law to their respective communities.
While the Natiq was concerned with the rites and outward shape of religion, the inner meaning was entrusted to a Wasi (representative). The Wasi would know the secret meaning of all rites and rules and would reveal them to a small circles of initiates.
The Natiq and the Wasi were in turn succeeded by a line of seven Imams, who would guard
what they received. The seventh and last Imam in any period would in turn be the Natiq of
the next period. The last Imam of the sixth period however would not bring about a new religion of law but supersede all previous religions, abrogate the law and introduce din Adama al-awwal ("the original religion of Adam") practiced by Adam and the Angels before the fall, which would be without cult or law but consist in all creatures praising the creator and recognizing his unity. This final stage us the Qiyama.
Exception for the Mustaali Ismailis, Ismaili believe in panentheism, holding that God is both reality and transcends it. While the Godhead is outside this universe, the Godhead has created reality, which is God itself. All living beings exist in this reality; however, reality in its entirety is invested in the manifestation of Allah, the Imam of the time.
Numerology is an important feature of Ismaili belief and may have been responsible for the
spread of the Kabbalah among Jews as well. The number seven in particular, understandably,
has great significance.
Historical Highlights of the Ismailies
According to one version, the Fatimids sought to spread the Ismaili faith in order to spread loyal -ty to the Imamate in Egypt and undermine the Abbasid empire. According to another, after the Nizari Ismaili lost a factional battle, they fled Egypt. All agree that Hassan-i-Sabbah of Persia was a most successful missionary teacher or Dai serving the Ismaili cause, and was responsible for the eventual prominence of the Nizari. Hassan-i-Sabbah was born in Qom in 1056 AD to Twelver Shi'a parents. His family later moved to Tehran which was an Ismaili center. Hassan-i-Sabbah studied Ismaili thought, When he was nearly killed by an illness, he decided to convert. He later became one of the most influential Dais, essentialy founding the Nizari branch of Ismailism, named after his son Nizar. Hassan-i-Sabbah took over the fortress of Alamut, which became a Fatimid outpost in the Abbasid empire. Alamut remained a center of Ismailism until it was destroyed by the Mongol Hulagu two centuries later.
Hassan-I-Sabbah used the Hashasheen, who can be described either as faithful disciples or terro -rists depending on one's point of view, to "convince" people of his faith. The word "Assassin" is derived from Hashasheen. The Hashasheen are said by opponents to have been Hashish (Cannabis) eaters, who owed their ferocious behavior to use of the drug. Their characteristic trademark of the assassination was that they would not leave the scene of the crime. Ismaili claim that the Hashasheen derive their name from Hassan-i-Sabbah. They called themselves al dawa al Jadida and were also called fedayeen. According to the stories of enemies, they were first indoctrinated in a paradisaical garden under the influence of Hashish, and then told that their only means of salvation, return to the garden, was following the orders of Hassan-i-Sabbah.
In the tenth century, the Qarmatians accepted a young Persian prisoner, Abu'l-Fadl al-Isfahani,
from Isfahan as the Mahdi - the returned hidden Imam, Muhammad ibn Ismail. He claimed to be the descendant of the Persian kings.
The Qarmatians changed their qibla (direction of prayer) from the Kaaba to the Zoroastrian infl -uenced fire. The Qarmatians violently rampaged through out Middle-East, and stole the Black Stone from the Kaaba in Mecca about 930. After their retu -rn of the Black Stone in 951 and defeat by the Abbasids in 976 they faded out of history. In 1171 the Fatimid Ismaili dynasty was ended by Salah al Din (Saladin). By that time North Africa had largely reverted to Sunni Islam, but the Ismaili survived principally in the east. The Mongol invasion shattered the Abbasid and Fatimid empires. Hulagu destroyed Alamut in 1256. The last of the Hashashin were supposedly destroyed in 1272. The branches of Ismaili were now geograp -hically isolated, though in some places they coexists, as the Druze and Nizari, and in South Asia which has both Mustaali and Nizari. Ismaili Muslims follow their forty ninth Imam Noor Mowlana Shah Karim-al-Hussaini, residing in Agrimount, Paris.
Appart from these assumptions interestingly, Hunzukutz are now known for their hospitality,generosity, modesty, courage, loyality and valour.
History of People of Hunza-Hunzukutz
Hunzukutz or Brusho, the inhabitants of Hunza,have there distinct history, culture, traditions, rites and rituals and are well known for open-mindedness and hospitality.
There are many theories about the origin of the Hunzukutz or Brusho. One of them is that they are the off springs of the six soldiers of Alexander the Great's army who lost their way in return and they opted to settle here in around 300BC. One presumption is that the Hunzukut came from Central Asian regions and among them were mostly people who either offended their own law or involved in any social crime; and the Hunza proved for them a heaven as a shelter. According to few archaeologists and Historians White Huns, Chinese invaders are the descendants of people of Hunza, locally called Hunzukutz or Brusho. Another legend says that the Brusho came from the Northwestern India into present Hunza via Gilgit route as an invaders.
Many people think that the word Hunza is the combination of two wards: Hun & Za.The meaning of Hun is the Bow and Za refers to Arrow. Commonly people think that the Hunza valley is looks like the shape of bow & arrow .Therefore they took the name Hunza.In Burushaski language (the local language of central Hunza or Proper Hunza) for Bow and Arrow we called Hunzsu niza. The Word Hunza is similar to that Burushaski word. More than five hundred of years it was ruled by a Prince until it came under control of British in October, 1891 after Nag Campaign and the ruler or prince escaped to China. The British given Hunza status of Princely state and ceded it to the local prince who was subjected to pay a certain amount as tribute, a tax on the area to conquerors. Finally the area got independence through a mutiny led by Army officials of Dogra forces suported by both soldiers and local population. In short, the origin of Hunza valley is obscured by legend: may be an offshoot of Trakhun Dynasty of Gilgit. From a marriage of royal cousins of the dynasty, one of the son Girkis became the ruler of Hunzukutz, the inhabitants of Hunza. The Mirs of Hunza sent an annual tribute to the Kashmir Darbar(a Persian term meaning Shah's noble Court until 1947. The first awarness among the people about eudaction and learning came by 1960's when Prince Karim Aga Khan, the spritual leader of Ismaili Muslim community visited this backward area griped tightly into extreme poverty. His arrival proved a blessing to the destiny of the dwellers.
People who were living in extreme conditions started to see their good days when His Highness Prince Karim Aga Khan introduced Diamond Jublee Schools on the occasion of Diamond Jublee celebrations.
Today much has been changed ranging from the way the people live, the level of awareness about socio -economic and technological advancement due to introduction of education facilities. According to a recent survey approximately ninety percent out of total population is literate in Hunza. People enjoy to celebrate traditions, rites, ritual combined with the taste of modern trends.
Gradually the trend of kids to play games in their leisure with dolls made from mud transformed into playing with new tools: computer and simulation machines.
Hunza kids are much inclined towards learning balancing the requirement in the meterial and spritual world.
There are many theories about the origin of the Hunzukutz or Brusho. One of them is that they are the off springs of the six soldiers of Alexander the Great's army who lost their way in return and they opted to settle here in around 300BC. One presumption is that the Hunzukut came from Central Asian regions and among them were mostly people who either offended their own law or involved in any social crime; and the Hunza proved for them a heaven as a shelter. According to few archaeologists and Historians White Huns, Chinese invaders are the descendants of people of Hunza, locally called Hunzukutz or Brusho. Another legend says that the Brusho came from the Northwestern India into present Hunza via Gilgit route as an invaders.
People who were living in extreme conditions started to see their good days when His Highness Prince Karim Aga Khan introduced Diamond Jublee Schools on the occasion of Diamond Jublee celebrations.
Today much has been changed ranging from the way the people live, the level of awareness about socio -economic and technological advancement due to introduction of education facilities. According to a recent survey approximately ninety percent out of total population is literate in Hunza. People enjoy to celebrate traditions, rites, ritual combined with the taste of modern trends.
Gradually the trend of kids to play games in their leisure with dolls made from mud transformed into playing with new tools: computer and simulation machines.
Hunza kids are much inclined towards learning balancing the requirement in the meterial and spritual world.
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